On April 24, 2025, the U.S. President issued the Executive Order “Unleashing America’s Offshore Critical Minerals and Resources” [1]. The order not only reflects a part of Trump administration 2.0’s policy regarding natural resources but also signals a strategic move to address U.S geopolitical and techno-economic interests, as well as domestic political priorities. It seeks to enhance U.S. mineral autonomy, sharpen U.S. competitiveness against China and Russia, shape new international norms on deep-sea mining, and broaden cooperation frameworks with U.S. allies. Yet, the order may also lead to further geopolitical tensions, maritime security risks, and controversial international law precedents, especially from the viewpoint of Pacific nations.
12/05/2025
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