The Biden administration announced its Pacific Partnership Strategy on September 29, 2022, marking the first time the United States (the US) has had a standalone strategy document for the Pacific Island nations.
As maritime domains and geopolitics in the South and East China Sea are increasingly interconnected, maritime security cooperation between Japan and Southeast Asian countries continues to rise.
From 2019 to the present, France, Germany, the Netherlands, the UK and the European Union (EU) have respectively announced their own Indo-Pacific Strategies (IPS). While sharing the same goal of increasing presence in the region, these strategies have fundamental differences in terms of how to define the “Indo-Pacific” concept, the approach to China, prioritized fields, and implementation measures....